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T he Parliament of India is the legislative organ of the union government. It occupies a pre-eminent and central position in the Indian democratic political system due to adoption of Parliamentary form of government, aka ‘Westminster model of government’.Article 79 to 122 in part V of the Constitution deals with organisation, composition, duration, officers, procedures, privileges, power and so on of the Parliament.Organisation of ParliamentUnder the Constitution, The Parliament of India consist of three parts, viz, The President, the council of states and the house of people. Though the President of India is not a member of either house of Parliament and does not sit in the Parliament to attend its meeting, he is an integral part of the Parliament. The Parliamentary form of government emphasised on independence between legislative and executive organs. The presidential form of government, on other hand, lays stress on suppression of legislative and executive organs. Hence, the American president is not regarded as a constant part of the Congress.Composition of the two houses Rajya Sabha* Council of states* Indirect form of election* 12 members of Rajya Sabha are nominated based on their space special qualification of arts, science, literature etc by President of India* Rajya Sabha which is the key component of federalism is the basic structure of the Constitution and cannot be replaced by constitutional amendment.* Vice president shall be Ex-Officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha* Deputy chairman shall be the member of Rajya Sabha but chairman shall not be the member of the Rajya Sabha* Chairman can appoint panel of vice-chairman for the purpose of filling up the gaps In the Rajya Sabha* At the end of every to year one third of the member of Rajya Sabha retires which makes it a kind of permanent body* All the bills can be introduced in Rajya Sabha except money bill* It plays an important role in checks and balance of the legislative power* The term of members of Rajya Sabha is six years but every second year one third of the members of Rajya Sabha retiresLok Sabha* it is directly elected house by people of India* Term of Lok Sabha is five years* The terms of the member of Lok Sabha can be extended for one year following the procedure under emergency.* The presiding officer of the Lok Sabha is the member of Lok Sabha while the presiding officer, which is, chairman of Raj Sabha, is not the member of Rajya Sabha.* Region wise Lok Sabha get dissolved while Rajya Sabha is a kind of permanent body is to maintain check and balance because Lok Sabha in nature as more power than Rajya Sabha.* Money bill can only be introduced in Lok Sabha.Functioning of the Parliament* The three main session of Parliament are budget session, monsoon session, and winter session. There can be a special session in between but these are the main session which has to be performed.* The recess between the two session cannot be extended beyond six months.* Prorogation is a term given to a process when the President calls member of Parliament for a session.* All the bill which is pending in Lok Sabha after dissolution of Lok Sabha will lapse and the process is called lapse of the bill.* Bill pending in Rajya Sabha will lapse if it is passed by the Lok Sabha and has been pending in Rajya Sabha.But if the bill is not passed by Lok Sabha and is pending in Rajya Sabha after dissolution of the Lok Sabha the said bill will not lapse.* The President of India is not the member of the Parliament but the functional part of the Parliament under article 76 of the Constitution of India.* Minimum attendance which is required for the functioning of the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha it’s called quorum. Under article 100 of the Constitution of India minimum attendance which is required for the functioning of the houses of the Parliament is 10% of the total strength of the respective houses.* English or Hindi or both is the official language of the business. After permission of presiding officer the member of Parliament may also speak in their mother tongue or the language designated.* The attorney general of India may participate in any of the houses but he is not permitted to vote.* The Supreme Court cannot interfere in the proceedings of the Parliament.Chairman of the Rajya Sabha* Vice president is the Ex-Officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha under article 64 of the Constitution of India.* He is not the member of the Rajya Sabha but ex officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha. It is so because large state may have greater participation in making the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha does Vice President not being the member of the Rajya Sabha cannot be influenced by larger or smaller states.* Presiding officer of the Rajya Sabha shall maintain all the business of the house. * Under article 118 of Constitution of India joint session shall be held by Speaker of Lok Sabha and not by the chairman of Rajya Sabha.* In absence of Vice President that is Chairman of the Rajya Sabha in the session of Raj Sabha Deputy Chairman can held the session. * Chairman of the Rajya Sabha cannot do voting but can vote by casting his vote in the case where there is tie between the Lok Sabha and Rajya sabha.
T
he Parliament of India is the legislative organ of the union government. It occupies a pre-eminent and central position in the Indian democratic political system due to adoption of Parliamentary form of government, aka ‘Westminster model of government’.
Article 79 to 122 in part V of the Constitution deals with organisation, composition, duration, officers, procedures, privileges, power and so on of the Parliament.
Organisation of Parliament
Under the Constitution, The Parliament of India consist of three parts, viz, The President, the council of states and the house of people. Though the President of India is not a member of either house of Parliament and does not sit in the Parliament to attend its meeting, he is an integral part of the Parliament. The Parliamentary form of government emphasised on independence between legislative and executive organs. The presidential form of government, on other hand, lays stress on suppression of legislative and executive organs. Hence, the American president is not regarded as a constant part of the Congress.
Composition of the two houses
Rajya Sabha
* Council of states
* Indirect form of election
* 12 members of Rajya Sabha are nominated based on their space special qualification of arts, science, literature etc by President of India
* Rajya Sabha which is the key component of federalism is the basic structure of the Constitution and cannot be replaced by constitutional amendment.
* Vice president shall be Ex-Officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
* Deputy chairman shall be the member of Rajya Sabha but chairman shall not be the member of the Rajya Sabha
* Chairman can appoint panel of vice-chairman for the purpose of filling up the gaps In the Rajya Sabha
* At the end of every to year one third of the member of Rajya Sabha retires which makes it a kind of permanent body
* All the bills can be introduced in Rajya Sabha except money bill
* It plays an important role in checks and balance of the legislative power
* The term of members of Rajya Sabha is six years but every second year one third of the members of Rajya Sabha retires
Lok Sabha
* it is directly elected house by people of India
* Term of Lok Sabha is five years
* The terms of the member of Lok Sabha can be extended for one year following the procedure under emergency.
* The presiding officer of the Lok Sabha is the member of Lok Sabha while the presiding officer, which is, chairman of Raj Sabha, is not the member of Rajya Sabha.
* Region wise Lok Sabha get dissolved while Rajya Sabha is a kind of permanent body is to maintain check and balance because Lok Sabha in nature as more power than Rajya Sabha.
* Money bill can only be introduced in Lok Sabha.
Functioning of the Parliament
* The three main session of Parliament are budget session, monsoon session, and winter session. There can be a special session in between but these are the main session which has to be performed.
* The recess between the two session cannot be extended beyond six months.
* Prorogation is a term given to a process when the President calls member of Parliament for a session.
* All the bill which is pending in Lok Sabha after dissolution of Lok Sabha will lapse and the process is called lapse of the bill.
* Bill pending in Rajya Sabha will lapse if it is passed by the Lok Sabha and has been pending in Rajya Sabha.But if the bill is not passed by Lok Sabha and is pending in Rajya Sabha after dissolution of the Lok Sabha the said bill will not lapse.
* The President of India is not the member of the Parliament but the functional part of the Parliament under article 76 of the Constitution of India.
* Minimum attendance which is required for the functioning of the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha it’s called quorum. Under article 100 of the Constitution of India minimum attendance which is required for the functioning of the houses of the Parliament is 10% of the total strength of the respective houses.
* English or Hindi or both is the official language of the business. After permission of presiding officer the member of Parliament may also speak in their mother tongue or the language designated.
* The attorney general of India may participate in any of the houses but he is not permitted to vote.
* The Supreme Court cannot interfere in the proceedings of the Parliament.
Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
* Vice president is the Ex-Officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha under article 64 of the Constitution of India.
* He is not the member of the Rajya Sabha but ex officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha. It is so because large state may have greater participation in making the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha does Vice President not being the member of the Rajya Sabha cannot be influenced by larger or smaller states.
* Presiding officer of the Rajya Sabha shall maintain all the business of the house.
* Under article 118 of Constitution of India joint session shall be held by Speaker of Lok Sabha and not by the chairman of Rajya Sabha.
* In absence of Vice President that is Chairman of the Rajya Sabha in the session of Raj Sabha Deputy Chairman can held the session.
* Chairman of the Rajya Sabha cannot do voting but can vote by casting his vote in the case where there is tie between the Lok Sabha and Rajya sabha.